What is the common effect of a deficiency in Vitamin B12?

A deficiency in Vitamin B12 primarily leads to anemia, specifically a type called megaloblastic anemia. This occurs because Vitamin B12 is crucial for the formation of red blood cells and for proper DNA synthesis. When there is insufficient Vitamin B12, the body produces larger-than-normal red blood cells that are not fully developed, which results in decreased oxygen transport in the blood and symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and paleness.

Additionally, Vitamin B12 is important for neurological function, and a long-term deficiency can also lead to neurological damage. This underscores the vital role that this vitamin plays in both blood health and nerve function.

The other conditions listed, such as rickets, scurvy, and pellagra, are associated with deficiencies in different vitamins (Vitamin D, Vitamin C, and Vitamin B3, respectively) and do not relate to the effects of a Vitamin B12 deficiency.